Stryker Net Present Value and Capital Budgeting Process

1. What are the missions of CERs and the capital budgeting process at Stryker? Mission: Standardize and formalize the capital budgeting process. The CERs and capital budgeting process were implemented so that a more formal process of requesting capital expenditure and approving them would be applied. All this was put in place to support cash flow targets and maintain Stryker’s 20% growth benchmark. To what extent have they been shaped by elements of corporate finance theory? They are heavily influenced by corporate finance theory All submissions are required to show the net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR) and payback period. They need to highlight the project’s anticipated outgoing cash flow and earnings†¦show more content†¦3. Given Stryker’s strategy and its long--†run goals, what modifications to the current system— analytical, organizational, and/or procedural—would you recommend? Develop some specific proposals and explain how they address specific problems. Procedural Modifications and Recommendations: The CER system was developed to outline specific requirements of a project and create rigorous documentation of the projects. As well, the process was put into place to enable a more structured review of these proposals between employees and management. The implemented a two week review timeframe to receive and review the documentation. These processes while good had several flaws: The committee was not holding regular meetings and as a consequence â€Å"submission and review† process was not being completed on time. As they were meeting virtually this did not facilitate good conversation/discussion on the proposals. For insignificant â€Å"no brainer† projects there was excess documentation, decreasing efficiency and productivity. To improve the efficiency of how the Capital Committee reviews and approves proposals they need to establish a scheduled face-to-face session (perhaps on a weekly basis) to receive and review all CERs. This will give

Impact on the Small Coralline Cay Free Essays

Experiment Number: 5 Date: December 8,2011. Aim: To assess and analyze man’s impact on the small coralline cay- Lime cay. Apparatus: boat Introduction: Lime cay is a small coralline cay that is mostly used by humans for their personal entertainment. We will write a custom essay sample on Impact on the Small Coralline Cay or any similar topic only for you Order Now By visiting this cay, man has had detrimental effects on the environment. In the earlier times, man’s impact was not so prevalent, however, overtime it has increased as agricultural practices and technology has been introduced. The effects can rise from pollution to global deforestation, which results in the death of many organisms. This can lead to species and genetic diversity being lost and also gives rise to extinction of some species. The adverse effects will be discussed later in details. Procedure: A small boat was used to travel to lime cay where the students walked around the small coralline cay and recorded all observations, which indicated man’s impact on this environment. Observation: Pictures showing the small coraline cay-Lime cay and evidence of the presence of man’s pollution. Picture showing an example of an organism that lives on the cay that is affected by man’s presence (sea urchin). Table showing the organisms present on the cay and their preys Organisms Being Fed On| Organisms Feeding| Flowers| Snails and Bees| Snails and Fish| Turtle| Leaf litter | Earthworm| Phytoplankton| Zooplankton| Algae| Sea Urchin and Fish| Fungi| Crab and Sand Fly| Wood| Wood Boring Beetle| Tree Bark| Termite| Woodlouse and Bees| Spider| Bird| Pelican| Bees and Earthworm | Bird| Discussion Questions: (a) Create a food web of all the organisms present on the cay. Pelican Stingray Shark Lizard Bird Turtle Spider Fish Wood boring Earthworm Sea urchin Zooplankton Bees Snails Crab Sandfly Beetle Termite Leaf litter Algae Phytoplankton Flowers Fungi Wood Treebark (b) What is the significance of the cay? The significance of the cay is to: (1) provide a habitat for a variety of organisms that were present on the cay (2) to aid in breaking heavy wave and tidal action and (3) to serve as a recreational ground for humans. c) What are the ways that man affects this habitat? Man affects this habitat by pollution when it is used for recreation, by deforestation/slash and burn method, by causing eutrophication, overfishing, oil spills and exposing unwanted predators. (d) Do you see any animals or evidence of any animals? What organisms are affected by man’s activities and how? Yes, there were animals seen. The animals seen were crabs (their tracks and their holes were spotted) ground lizards, pelicans, birds, fishes, sea urchins, spiders (spider webs were spotted) snails, stingr ay and a turtle. Generally speaking, with human activities being practiced on the cay, it resulted in habitat destruction. Changes usually take time for the organisms to adjust. However, when changes occur at a fast pace, there is little or no time for individual species to react and adjust to new circumstances. This created disastrous results, and for this reason, the rapid habitat loss causes species to migrate to other areas to live. On the cay there was a lot of garbage left behind from human activities. These consisted of mainly plastic materials such as cups and bags. Trash like plastic, can cause death to fishes as plastics take a while to biodegrade and therefore remain in the water. Fishes sometimes mistake plastic for food and ingest it, which results in a blockage in their digestive systems killing the fish. Plastic can also get wrapped around their necks and choke them or it could get stuck in their mouths, making it unable for the fish to eat and so it might starve and also die. Another observation made was a traveling cargo ship. This activity released pollutants into the water and also made it prone to oil spills. An oil spill has the most hazardous effect on aquatic and terrestrial life. The oil coats the fish’s outer layer and kills it. Also, oil affects sea birds as it sticks to their wings rendering them flightless. Oil settles on top of water and so forms a thick layer that is opaque, which prevents sunlight from reaching marine plants, so photosynthesis is obstructed. Oil spills may result in eutrophication, which feeds algae blooms. When algae dies they sink to the bottom where they are decomposed. The decomposition process uses oxygen and deprives the deeper waters of oxygen, which can kill fish and other organisms. Also the necessary nutrients are all at the bottom of the aquatic ecosystem and if they are not brought up closer to the surface, where there is more available light allowing for photosynthesis for aquatic plants, a serious strain is placed on algae populations. Growth of algal blooms disrupts normal functioning of the ecosystem, causing a variety of problems such as a lack of oxygen needed for fish and other organisms to survive. Also it may be noted that by human activities, which cause organisms to migrate, makes them more available to predation. Additionally, it can increase competition for food and space between organisms. Another point that was observed was the presence of fishermen. Overfishing decreases the population of fishes in the area, which disrupts the food chain as terrestrial organisms that feed on aquatic life have less food to eat. Also human activities affect turtle nesting, as the turtle was seen moving outwards from the cay. This suggested that based on the exposure to unwanted predators, turtles might see the cay as unsafe to lay their eggs. There may have also been introduction to pests as a result of the garbage and also pests may come to the cay in boats. Lastly, we can look at the effect of the method slash and burn method. Evidence of the burning of wood was seen which resulted in the various plants and animals that lived there being swept away. This could also have been the area where only one particular species is kept and slashing and burning could result in extinction for that species. This also affects organisms that live in the soil, like the bacteria, that would result in their death. e) Is the only impact by those who visit the cay? No, the impact is not only by those who visit the cay, the impact of the habitat destruction is also by pests as stated before like rats who come on the cay and create mass destruction to the organisms living there. (f) As a manager, what would you suggest to minimize man’s impact on this environment? There should be provision of proper disposal facilities, where the site can be kept clean of litter and the waste and contaminants are not runoff into the water. Implementing in-situ conversation and management practices to exclude or eliminate pests, so pesticides are unnecessary and the organisms will be protected is another suggestion for minimizing the impact. With the prevention of pollution, eutrophication will decrease. Plastics can be collected in a container for recycling, so recycling bin can also be put into play. And lastly, rules should be implemented against burning of materials on the cay. Conclusion: Man has significantly impacted lime cay and evidence was there to support this theory, which resulted in many detrimental effects to the organism present on this cay. How to cite Impact on the Small Coralline Cay, Essay examples

Can Taxable Income Be Estimated Financial -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Can Taxable Income Be Estimated Financial? Answer: Introducation Magenta and Associates have the idea of sustainably preserving and giving their customers with accurate, authentic and quality answers to the issues encountered by their customers. As an answer to the mail forwarded by you, this mail is being written in order to give you all the correct and authentic answers for the problems encountered by your organization in accordance to the treatments related to accounting and their disclosures that is to be provided. We are optimistic that these problems will be resolved by applying the solutions that will be recommended. The incorporation of the treatment of accounting is huge as the financial reports are utilised by the creditors, investors and the shareholders[1]. The implication of the suitable and authentic treatments of accounting is put forth in the standards are essential as by sticking on to the effective accounting treatments, the financial reports of the organization will be able to address the fair and true aspect of the financial performance and scenario of the company. The primary intention of implementing these transformations is to pursue the needs as provided in the various paragraphs of AASB 137. According to the AASB 137 guidelines, the explanation of the word provision and contingent liability has been addressed in a lucid manner. In order to have an understanding the application and treatment of these entities the explanation provided in the standards of accounting is addressed thereafter[2]. In accordance to the AASB 137 guidelines, a provision is a sort of a liability in which the amount and the timing is hesitant. The contingent liability is even addressed in the AASB 137 accounting standard. The explanation of the contingent liability is the accountability that may take place in the future course of time because of the previous incidents of the entity and their presence is reliant in the occurrence and the non-occurrence of the vague future programmes that may not be in control totally of the management. The factors due to which the current accountabilities generating out of the previous events has not been preserved and there are vague possibilities of the resource ou tflow that will embody the economic benefits that can arise due to the obligation settlement[3]. Furthermore, the amount cannot be estimated reliably by depending on the information that is available. The precise and authentic incorporation and the treatments of the accounts for the items have been explained while addressing the concerns. Pending court case The primary concern faced by your organization is associated with the claim that is filed against the firm by their rivals for the infringements of the patents. It is primary worried about the declaration requirement and the accounting treatments for the claims that have been done by the rival companies. $87 million is the amount that has been claimed by the rival companies as a financial compensation against the company. A date for the hearing for the same has been given on 31st July 2017 and there has been a projection that there 30% probability that the organization can be judged guilty and therefore would have to pay out the entire amount of compensation. There have been other assumptions with respect to the current scenario. There is a possibility of 60% that the firm would have to pay $50 million and on the other hand there is 40% possibility that the firm would have to pay a sum of $30 million. The financial reports have been granted already and there is no present accountabil ity that has been generated from the previous events. This infringes the criteria of recognition for a provision that has put forth in AASB 137[4]. Therefore, no provisions require be preserving and maintaining in the financial reports. According to the paragraph 86 of AASB 137, a contingent liability needs to be recorded unless the chance of the resource outflow that embodies the economic opportunities becomes very remote. In the current scenario, the payment chances and the outflow is not distant and therefore the organization has to explain the probability of losing the case due to the contingent liability that is seen in the notes to the accounts of the financial reports[5]. Suitable accounting treatment for the sale treaty According to the information to the problems, the organization has undertaken a sale of the tools on 12th December and 31st December appropriately. There has been an inclusion of a maintenance clause in the contract with respect to which the organization has to provide services for the maintenance for the tools for the coming twelve months from the delivery date failing to which the client is to receive refund of 15% from the firm. According to our recommendation, the following treatments should be undertaken by the operations. The firm needs to record in the sales book of the accounts on the agreement date itself due to the lack of the uncertainty over the good delivery and the payment that is to be received for the same. Therefore the organization should identify the sale to be on 12th December 2017. A provision has to be made in accordance to the maintenance that has to be undertaken as it is a current responsibility for the organization that has aroused from the previous events b y debiting the maintenance account and thereby crediting the provision for the maintenance account[6]. The maintenance account will be treated in the balance sheet of the firm. A contingent liability has to be recorded in accordance to the amount of refund in the notes of the accounts of the financial reports of the firm as the value is reliant on the non-occurrence and occurrence of any unknown future events like the service quality that is given by the organization to their clients in the future course of time[7]. We would like to address the significance of the accounting treatment recommended by us for the organization. By pursuing to these accounting treatments, the organization will be able to make sure that it has been able to sustain the dependability of the data as replicated in the financial reports of the organization. Furthermore to the recommendation towards the solution provided for the problems faced by the organization, we have even made an effort to give out a reliable and clear justification about the reasons for such transformations advised by us. The standards that have been put forward by the Australian law, especially AASB 137 has been addressed to generate the explanation of the terms and the acceptable accounting treatment for the one that has been discussed above. We are hopeful that with the help of this letter we have been competent enough to generate a value and worth for your organization. We are looking forward eagerly towards serving and assisting you again. Reference AASB, Compiled AASB Standard. "Business Combinations."Disclosure66 (2014): 77. AASB, Compiled AASB Standard. "Investment Property." (2015). Adhariani, Desi, Nick Sciulli, and Robert Clift. "Quantitative Optimisation Model, Results and Discussion."Financial Management and Corporate Governance from the Feminist Ethics of Care Perspective. Springer International Publishing, 2017. 209-284. Arqawi, Bayan M., William J. Bertin, and Laurie Prather. "The impact of product warranties on the capital structure of Australian firms."Australian Journal of Management39.2 (2014): 207-225. Hudson, Matthew. "No setting off unfair preferences."Australian Restructuring Insolvency Turnaround Association Journal28.3 (2016): 34. Lum, Pei-Jia. "The public identification of tax aggression: An exploratory and value relevance study." (2014). Overland, Juliette. "Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting and Directors Duties: The Australian Experience."Corporate Social Responsibility in the Global Business World. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. 135-152. Richardson, Grant, et al. "Women on the board of directors and corporate tax aggressiveness in Australia: An empirical analysis."Accounting Research Journal29.3 (2016): 313-331. Ritchie, Mike. "What is air worth? Appropriately pricing landfills."Waste+ Water Management Australia42.2 (2015): 46. Tran, Alfred. "Can taxable income be estimated from financial reports of listed companies in Australia?."Browser Download This Paper(2015).